RAMMS
Rapid Mass Movement Simulation
技术文章

What friction models are used in RAMMS?

What friction models are used in RAMMS?

Answer:

RAMMS (Avalanche and Debrisflow modules) employs a Voellmy-fluid friction model. This model divides the frictional resistance into two parts:

  • a dry-Coulomb type friction (coefficient μ ) that scales with the normal stress

  • and a velocity squared drag (coefficient ξ).

This model has found wide application in the simulation of mass movements, especially snow avalanches. The Voellmy model has been in use in Switzerland for a long time and a set of calibrated parameters is available.

The frictional resistance S (Pa) is depicted above, where ρ is the flow density, g gravitational acceleration, φ the slope angle, H the flow height and U the flow velocity.

The Voellmy equation has been modified to include cohesion.

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